Vocabulario y oraciones relacionado con las partes del cuerpo.
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Vocabulario sobre la clase y los objetos de un estuche.
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Vocabulario sobre lugares de las ciudades y pueblos.
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Vocabulario sobre pascua.
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Oraciones sobre aficiones y tiempo libre. Preguntas y respuestas sobre la misma temática.
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Las horas en alemán.
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Algunos verbos en alemán relacionados con actividades del tiempo libre, deportes, habilidades…
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Vocabulario sobre materiales y objetos que hay en el estuche.
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Expresiones que se usan en clase.
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Los cinco sentidos.
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Partes del cuerpo humano y salud.
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Vocabulario sobre tecnologías digitales.
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Los países.
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Vocabulario y textos relacionados con sucesos, investigaciones policiales, etc.
Transcripción: The Wilkins family have recently inherited a fortune but, unfortunately, they have had serious problems lately. Some of the family members have been killed recently. In fact, four of members have been killed among each other.

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Ejemplos de uso de los Relative Pronouns.
Transcripción:
A detective is a person who…discovers what has happened in a crime.
Would you like to live in a house where…there are ghosts?
Can you tell me the date when…the murder was committed?
Agatha Christie wrote many detective stories that…have been translated into more than 100 languages.
Conan Doyle wrote A scandal in Bohemia, whose…main characters are Sherlock and Watson.
Sherlock Holmes used a magnifying glass which…helped him study the crime scene.

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The elves and the shoemaker.
A shoemaker and his wife were so poor that they didn’t have enough money for a living. He could not buy leather to make shoes. One morning he went to his work and found a pair of ready-made shoes. At first, he couldn’t believe his eyes. After that, a customer came in and the shoes suited him, so he paid a price higher than usual for them. Then, the shoemaker decided to buy more leather. When he woke up every morning, he found pairs of ready-made shoes, which he sold. Soon later, the shoemaker became rich. The couple wanted to know who made the shoes at night, so they didn’t go to bed that night. After a while, they saw two little naked elves making the shoes and then they left before dawn. The couple decided to make clothes for the elves to keep off the cold. As soon as the elves came out that night, they didn’t find leather to make the shoes, but their clothes. They put them on and were so happy that they started to dance.

Once the elves disappeared, the couple never saw them again. In the end, they were never poor again and lived happily ever after.

La historia del libro Frankenstein.
Transcripción:
Frankenstein or The Modern Prometheus was written by the English writer Mary Shelley. It was written in 1816 as a result of a competition among several writers. It is a horror tale which is considered to be the first science-fiction novel.
The book tells us about Victor Frankenstein, a student at a German university. Dr. Frankenstein began to be interested in how to create a human being from a dead corpse. He collected bones and parts of bodies from a graveyard and made a huge man. He was so huge and so ugly that people were frightened when they saw him. The monster was innately good, but he turned evil when Dr. Frankenstein rejected him. The monster felt so lonely and depressed that he asked Dr. Frankenstein for a wife, but he refused to do this because he was afraid of creating two monsters. After that, the monster got very aggressive and killed Dr. Frankenstein’s brother and one of his friends. Dr. Frankenstein wanted to take revenge and kill the monster. Then, the monster ran away and Dr. Frankenstein went after him. In the end, both of them died.
The novel became a huge success because of the monster. There have been lots of movies based on the novel. Perhaps most movie lovers don’t know that Frankenstein was not the monster, but the scientist’s name. The creature in the novel was called ‘Adam’, like the first man on Earth. Mary Shelley probably meant that creating a human being was a sin against God.
Most people prefer to see the movie, but I would like to recommend reading the novel. It is fascinating! And, of course, thanks to it, science-fiction became a new genre!

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Ejemplos de uso del Past Perfect. We use the Past Perfect to talk about something that happened before something else. It’s used to clearly state the order of actions.
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Definiciones de tipos de libros.

Romance: a novel focused on a relationship and love between two people
Science-fiction: It tells about technology and science in the future
Adventure: A novel in which the writer wants to amuse the reader
Adventure: A novel that tells a series of events usually with danger and action
Horror: A novel which is intended to frighten or scare readers
Biography: It gives a fictional account of a person’s life
Comic: A novel in which the writer wants to amuse the reader.
Fairy tale: A story about magical and imaginary beings and lands
Mystery: A genre of fiction involving a mysterious death or a crime to be solved
Thriller: A novel that uses suspense and excitement to tell a story
Travel guide: A book of information about a place designed for the use of tourists
Comedy: A funny book intended to make you laugh

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Oraciones y vocabulario sobre el mundo de los anuncios.
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Conversaciones y vocabulario sobre comprar objetos, prendas de ropa, etc.
Transcripción:
— Hi my dear! You are very thoughtful. What are you thinking about?
— I’m thinking about buying a new mobile phone / a tablet.
— Really? Why do you want to buy that? Is there any problem with your old one?
— Because the last one I bought doesn’t work any longer and I need a new one. Besides, all my friends are using a smartphone these days. What do you think?
— What features are you looking for? I think you should think about this first.
— I would like to have a contract phone, because a pay-as-you-go phone is usually more expensive. And also a battery that lasts from one to three days. You know I don’t usually use bluetooth or even multimedia messages. I just want it to make phone calls and search on internet. Which phone would you recommend?
— In that case, I would recommend you the model ……… It’s cheaper than the majority of mobile phones and you will have off-peak calls.
— You’re right, that’s a good point. Definitely, I’ll take it.

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Oraciones de ejemplo para usar conectores.
– If we want to express purpose, we use: FOR / TO
– ‘To’ is also used to express individual purpose but with the infinitive.
– If we want to express reason we use: BECAUSE / BECAUSE OF
– If we want to express result we use these linkers: SO (informal) / THEREFORE / AS A RESULT (formal).

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Ejemplos de oraciones exclamativas.
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Ejemplos de uso del Present Perfect.

To talk about personal experiences. I have been to Morocco twice.
To talk about unfinished actions. We’ve lived in the same house for 20 years.
To talk about the result of a past action: He can’t go to school. He’s broken his leg

Affirmative: I have travelled a lot /I’ve travelled a lot.
Negative: She hasn’t spoken to her dad.
Interrogative: Have you ever been to Egypt?

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Leonardo Da Vinci was born near Florence in Italy in 1452. Leonardo’s parents were not married. His father, Ser Piero, was a wealthy Florentine lawyer and his mother, Caterina, was a young peasant girl. He spent his early years with his mother but then lived in the household of his father, grandparents and uncle. His father went on to marry four times! Leonardo was a painter, architect and an inventor. He was a genius who defined the Renaissance.
Da Vinci was a huge animal lover. He even chose to be a vegetarian, something that was very unusual in those days! He was said to buy animals from the market just so he could set them free from their cages!
Leonardo was left-handed. But as well as using his left hand to write, he wrote back to front, from right to left across the page which meant that, for many years, people were unable to understand his notes. This kind of mirror writing led people to believe that Da Vinci wanted to keep his ideas secret! Leonardo obviously had an amazing mind but believe it or not, he never went to school! Instead he was taught reading, writing and maths at home.
The Mona Lisa is a portrait of the wife of a Florentine official. Apparently he ordered music to be played at every sitting so the lady’s smile would remain! Little did Da Vinci know that this was to become arguably the world’s most famous painting!
There are actually two versions of Da Vinci’s famous painting: The Virgin of the Rocks, the first, which he began painting in 1478, hangs in the Louvre. He later painted a second version which is in London’s National Gallery.
Leonardo was tall, at least 5 ft 8″, athletic and handsome! As he grew older he wore his hair long, grew a beard down to his chest and wore brightly-coloured clothes, which was very different to other men of his time!
Leonardo’s surname Da Vinci simply means ‘of Vinci’, a Tuscan village not far from Florence, which is where his father’s family took their name.
Leonardo died in France in 1519.

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Ejemplos de uso y pronunciación del Past Simple.

Most verbs add –ED:
wash ► washed
paint ► painted

If the verbs end in consonant + y:
cry ► cried
try ► tried

If the verbs end in vowel + y:
play ► played
stay ► stayed

Verbs ending in consonant + vowel + consonant (except those ending in w/x):
rob ► robbed / stop ► stopped
fix ► fixed / row ► rowed

How to pronounce –ed:
If the base form of the verb ends in t/d, it’s pronounced /id/.
If the base form ends in unvoiced consonants like p/k/ss/sh/ch/f/x, it’s pronounced /t/.
If the base form ends in voiced consonants like v/l/n/r/g/s/w or a vowel, it’s pronounced /d/.

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Ejemplos de uso del Past Continuous.

– I was playing at 5 o’clock yesterday afternoon: action in progress at a specific time in the past.
– I was studying when the telephone rang: action in progress when another action started in the past (when)
– My mum was watching TV while my dad was cooking: two (or more) actions happening at the same time in the past (while, as):
– The sun was shining and the kids were playing: background information in a narration:

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Textos con la historia de tres importantes mujeres y un movimiento femenino.

Rosa Parks: On December 1st, 1955, in Montgomery (Alabama), she says ‘NO’ to give her seat to a white passenger. She is tired of being discriminated against because of her skin colour. In the fifties, there is still racial segregation. White and black people are separated. At schools, in restaurants, in restrooms, theatres or buses white and black people must be kept apart. On buses, whites ride in the front of the bus and the ‘coloured’ at the back. When a bus becomes crowded, coloured people give their seats to white passengers. When she says ‘NO’, she is arrested and sent to jail. When she gets out the next day, people in the city join together and the revolution begins.
Black people start a boycott and they don’t use buses anymore. A year later, the Supreme Court rules that segregation on buses is against the constitution. She is one of the most famous American activists against racism, together with Martin Luther King.

Amelia Earhart: On May 21st, 1932 she becomes the most famous pilot in the United States because she was the first woman to fly an aeroplane over the Atlantic solo.
In January 1935, after many flights across the United States, she makes the first successful flight across the Pacific Ocean, from Hawaii to California. She received international recognition for her effort and become as known as one of the world’s most skilled and adventurous aviators.

You may not know her name but her image is world famous. So, you can easily recognize her face. She’s not real, but a fictional character. In World War II, many American men went to Europe to fight in the war. The American government launched campaigns to encourage women to do jobs that only men usually did. For example, they worked in factories that produce ammunition and other weapons for the war.
There is a famous song with her name inspired by a real-life woman named Rosalind P. Walter, who worked as a riveter at an aircraft factory. This song became very popular at that time.
This famous propaganda poster (see below) is really an advert for the war that Howard Miller made in 1942. And from that moment everybody associates this fictional character with the poster. She is still a symbol of women’s empowerment.

Katherine Switzer became the first woman who officially ran the Boston marathon in 1967. For 70 years, women were not allowed to take part in that race. She entered using her initials, K. Switzer, to hide her gender and ran with the number 261.
She became famous because during the race an official tried to force her out from the course after a few miles. ‘The marathon was a man’s race in those days; women were considered too fragile to run in it’, she once said. It was assumed that no woman in her right mind would want to run a marathon and they wouldn’t be able to anyway. Before the race, she had to train hard and was very confident of her strength. She finished the race in 4 hours and 20 minutes. She realised at that moment that everything had changed for women. It became a contest of proving that women could do it. She was determined that nothing would stop her. She thought she deserved to be there because it was a public road. She once said: ‘I started the Boston Marathon as a young girl, and came out the other end a grown woman’. After that, she was determined to be a better athlete and tried to create opportunities for women so they could experience the same sense of power, strength and freedom that she had. In the 1984 Olympics, women were allowed to run in the marathon for the first time and in 1974 in the Boston Marathon.
Switzer was the women’s winner of the 1974 New York City Marathon. Kathrine is the founder of ‘261 Fearless’, a running club for women and has worked as a television commentator. ‘When I go to the Boston Marathon, I have wet shoulders. Women fall into my arms crying. They’re weeping for joy because running has changed their lives. They feel they can do anything’, she once said.

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